Mini splits provide an efficient way to cool and heat a room without the expense and energy losses associated with ductwork. However, one important component of a ductless mini split system is the mini split line set. In this article, we discuss what mini split line sets are, and how to determine the right size you need.
What is a Mini Split Line Set?
A mini split consists of two separate units: an outdoor unit that houses the condenser, and the indoor units that house the air handler. Connecting these two separate units is the mini split line set. The mini split line set consists of two semi-flexible copper pipes that transport refrigerant throughout your cooling system. Considering that proper circulation of refrigerant is the whole reason your mini split system is able to cool, the line set’s job is a pretty important one.
Each line set is made up of two pipes. The large pipe, called a suction line, transports the refrigerant in its gaseous state.The smaller pipe, called the liquid line, circulates the refrigerant in its liquid state. Both of these lines, when intended for mini-split HVAC units as opposed to traditional central air systems, are insulated and feature flare connections at each end to ensure a tight, pressure-resistant seal.
The Importance of Choosing the Right Mini Split Line Set
Pipes that are too large for your system will result in less pressure within the tubes, causing the slow-moving refrigerant to change states at the wrong time and potentially not function at all. Pipes that are too small for your system will result in excess pressure within the tubes, causing the system to internally flood. Since mini split line sets cannot be adjusted or resized in width, purchasing the right size line set is crucial if you want your mini-split HVAC system to function properly.
Look at Manufacturer Specs
The only way to determine which size line set you need is to check with the manufacturer of your unit; they will always know exactly what size each individual AC unit requires. The reason line set size is unit-specific is because certain systems require more/less refrigerant than others, thus requiring larger/smaller lines. Generally, larger units require larger lines and smaller units, smaller lines, but the system’s engineering and efficiency is important to consider as well — a mini-split air conditioner with high BTU and SEER ratings will require a smaller line than a less-efficient unit, because high-efficiency ACs use less energy and thus require less refrigerant to operate.
Determine Length
The required length of a line set is unique to each individual installation and simply depends on how far apart the indoor and outdoor units are from one another. Line sets are usually offered in 15’, 25’ and 50’ lengths, but some systems can support lines up to 150′, so there should be no problem finding a length suitable to your own needs.
Lines can also be cut to fit specific installation requirements, so when in doubt, always choose a longer line set than you think you will need. Most manufacturers require a minimum line set length of about 15’. Shorter line sets can cause performance issues. Also keep in mind that each system will also have a maximum line set length that cannot be exceeded.
Installation
Installing a ductless mini-split HVAC system is an extremely complicated endeavor, and setting up the refrigerant is arguably the most difficult part. For that reason, we do not recommend you try to install line sets yourself. Installing a mini-split system requires extensive electrical knowledge, so for your own personal safety, as well as the safety of the unit, we strongly suggest you hire a professional who will be able to do the job correctly.
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